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class="container" id="main-content" tabindex="-1"><div class="post"><article class="post-block h-entry"><div class="post-meta p-author h-card visually-hidden"><img class="author-avatar u-photo" src="../favicon.png" alt="Cytrogen"><span class="p-name">Cytrogen</span><a class="u-url" href="https://cytrogen.icu">https://cytrogen.icu</a></div><a class="post-permalink u-url u-uid visually-hidden" href="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/a039.html">永久链接</a><div class="p-summary visually-hidden"><p>我的博客网站基于 Hexo，使用了 Pug 模板引擎。有时候感觉现在正在使用的主题不够满足自己的需求，就得手动修改 Pug 文件。</p></div><div class="visually-hidden"><a class="p-category" href="../categories/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">编程笔记</a><a class="p-category" href="../tags/Pug/">Pug</a></div><h1 class="post-title p-name">Pug 学习笔记</h1><div class="post-info"><time class="post-date dt-published" datetime="2024-04-03T03:05:28.000Z">4/2/2024</time><time class="dt-updated visually-hidden" datetime="2026-02-09T17:16:54.757Z"></time></div><div class="post-content e-content"><html><head></head><body><p>我的博客网站基于 Hexo，使用了 Pug 模板引擎。有时候感觉现在正在使用的主题不够满足自己的需求，就得手动修改 Pug 文件。</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h1 id="1-pug基础"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#1-pug基础"></a> 1. Pug 基础</h1>
<p>Pug 过去被称为 Jade，是一种高性能的模板引擎，广泛用于 Node.JS。它使用简洁的缩进语法，使得 HTML 更易于编写和阅读。</p>
<h2 id="11-pug语法"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#11-pug语法"></a> 1.1. Pug 语法</h2>
<p>Pug 使用缩进来表示标签的嵌套关系：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">doctype html</span><br><span class="line">html</span><br><span class="line"> head</span><br><span class="line"> title My Pug Template</span><br><span class="line"> body</span><br><span class="line"> h1 Hello, Pug!</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>这将生成以下 HTML：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><!DOCTYPE <span class="keyword">html</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">title</span>></span>My Pug Template<span class="tag"></<span class="name">title</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">head</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">h1</span>></span>Hello, Pug!<span class="tag"></<span class="name">h1</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">body</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">html</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>树状结构：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ul</span><br><span class="line"> li Item 1</span><br><span class="line"> li Item 2</span><br><span class="line"> li Item 3</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>标签后面使用括号来添加属性，并使用空格来添加内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a(href="https://www.example.com") Visit Example.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>约等于：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">"https://www.example.com"</span>></span>Visit Example.com<span class="tag"></<span class="name">a</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>你可以声明一个标签是自闭合的，加上一个斜杠的话：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">img/</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>纯文本使用管道符 <code>|</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p</span><br><span class="line"> | This is a paragraph of text.</span><br><span class="line"> | This is another line of text.</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>标签内文本是最常见的：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">p This is a paragraph of <strong>text</strong> .</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Pug 模板中也可以使用 JavaScript 变量：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- var name = 'World'</span><br><span class="line">h1 Hello, #{name}!</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">h1</span>></span>Hello, World!<span class="tag"></<span class="name">h1</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>以及标准的 JavaScript 控制结构：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- var user = { name: 'John', admin: true }</span><br><span class="line">if user.admin</span><br><span class="line"> p Hello, #{user.name}! You are an admin.</span><br><span class="line">else</span><br><span class="line"> p Hello, #{user.name}!</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">p</span>></span>Hello, John! You are an admin.<span class="tag"></<span class="name">p</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-hexo中的pug"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#2-hexo中的pug"></a> 2. Hexo 中的 Pug</h1>
<p>Hexo 可以使用 Pug 模板引擎，但是需要安装 <code>hexo-renderer-pug</code> 插件：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm install hexo-renderer-pug --save</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h2 id="21-配置项"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#21-配置项"></a> 2.1. 配置项</h2>
<p>在 Pug 模板中可以使用 <code>theme</code> 对象来访问主题配置项：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">year = year == theme.startyear ? year : theme.startyear + ' - ' + year;</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>而在 <code>_config.yml</code> 中内容如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">startyear:</span> <span class="number">2022</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>对于 Hexo 项目根目录下的 <code>_config.yml</code> 文件，可以使用 <code>config</code> 对象来访问配置项：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">title = config.title</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h2 id="22-页面布局"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#22-页面布局"></a> 2.2. 页面布局</h2>
<p>模板文件模板文件，重点便是「模板」这个词。我们可以将一些重复的内容放在模板文件中，然后在其他页面中引用。</p>
<p>比方说 HTML 的 <code><head></code> 标签：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// head.pug</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">meta(charset="utf-8")</span><br><span class="line">meta(name="X-UA-Compatible", content="IE=edge")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">title </span><br><span class="line"> block site_title</span><br><span class="line"> = config.title</span><br><span class="line">block description</span><br><span class="line"> meta(name="description", content= config.description ? config.description : 'A Blog Powered By Hexo')</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">meta(name="viewport", content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1")</span><br><span class="line">link(rel="icon", href=url_for(theme.favicon))</span><br><span class="line">link(rel="stylesheet", href=url_for("css/hermes.css"))</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">- var xml = config.url + '/atom.xml'</span><br><span class="line"> link(rel="search", type="application/opensearchdescription+xml", href=xml, title=config.title)</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>又或者说导航栏、页脚等等。</p>
<p><code>layout.pug</code> 文件是一个特殊的模板文件，它是所有页面的父模板。这里是一个简单的例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">doctype</span><br><span class="line">html(lang=config.language)</span><br><span class="line"> head</span><br><span class="line"> include head</span><br><span class="line"> body</span><br><span class="line"> header</span><br><span class="line"> include header.pug</span><br><span class="line"> main</span><br><span class="line"> block content</span><br><span class="line"> footer</span><br><span class="line"> include footer.pug</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p><code>block</code> 是一个特殊的标签，它允许子模板文件覆盖父模板文件中的内容。比如说，我们可以在 <code>layout.pug</code> 中定义一个 <code>block content</code>，然后在其他页面中覆盖它。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block content</span><br><span class="line"> h1 Hello, Pug!</span><br><span class="line"> p This is a paragraph.</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p><code>extends</code> 则是用来引用父模板文件的。</p>
</blockquote>
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