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class="container" id="main-content" tabindex="-1"><div class="post"><article class="post-block h-entry"><div class="post-meta p-author h-card visually-hidden"><img class="author-avatar u-photo" src="../favicon.png" alt="Cytrogen"><span class="p-name">Cytrogen</span><a class="u-url" href="https://cytrogen.icu">https://cytrogen.icu</a></div><a class="post-permalink u-url u-uid visually-hidden" href="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/2f6a.html">永久链接</a><div class="p-summary visually-hidden"><p>近期在学习 IBM 全栈应用开发微学士课程，故此记录学习笔记。</p></div><div class="visually-hidden"><a class="p-category" href="../categories/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/">编程笔记</a><a class="p-category" href="../tags/IBM/">IBM</a><a class="p-category" href="../tags/%E4%BA%91%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97/">云计算</a></div><h1 class="post-title p-name">IBM 全栈开发【1】：云计算</h1><div class="post-info"><time class="post-date dt-published" datetime="2024-01-09T21:30:20.000Z">1/9/2024</time><time class="dt-updated visually-hidden" datetime="2026-02-09T17:16:54.717Z"></time></div><div class="post-content e-content"><html><head></head><body><p>近期在学习 IBM 全栈应用开发微学士课程，故此记录学习笔记。</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<h1 id="1-云计算"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#1-云计算"></a> 1. 云计算</h1>
<p>云计算是一种能够方便地按需通过网络访问可配置计算资源的共享池的模型，这些资源可以快速地提供和释放，而且可以以服务的方式提供。</p>
<ol>
<li>按需自助服务：除了故障排除和安全漏洞修补之外，用户可以全天候自助访问计算资源。例如：24 小时 ATM 机</li>
<li>广泛的网络接入：云计算资源、公共云服务、多设备访问、私有云上的内联网</li>
<li>资源池：节约成本、计算资源服务于多个用户、云资源可动态分配给不同的用户、不受地理位置限制</li>
<li>快速弹性：根据需求增减计算资源</li>
<li>计量服务：按使用量付费、实用计量</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="11-云计算的发展"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#11-云计算的发展"></a> 1.1. 云计算的发展</h2>
<ol>
<li>虚拟机：同一物理硬件上存在多个不同的计算环境</li>
<li>虚拟化：通信和计算革命的巨大催化剂、共享主机环境、虚拟专用服务器</li>
<li>虚拟机管理程序（Hypervisor）：小型软件层，可使多个操作系统同时运行、共享相同的物理计算资源</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="12-云服务提供商"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#12-云服务提供商"></a> 1.2. 云服务提供商</h2>
<ol>
<li>阿里巴巴云：提供全面的全球云计算服务、一系列产品和服务</li>
<li>AWS：以按表计量、即用即付地方式向个人、公司和政府组织提供云计算平台</li>
<li>谷歌云计算：提供基础设施、平台和无服务器计算环境
<ul>
<li>谷歌应用引擎是一个用于在谷歌管理的数据中心开发和托管 Web 应用程序的平台</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>IBM 云：跨越公共、私有和混合环境的全栈云平台</li>
<li>微软 Azure：灵活的云平台，可通过微软管理的数据中心构建、测试、部署和管理应用程序</li>
<li>Oracle 云：主要以 SaaS 和数据库为重点的云计算服务提供商</li>
<li>Salesforce：专注于客户关系管理（CRM）的云计算公司</li>
<li>SAP：以在云中运行企业应用程序、客户关系管理和供应链管理为重点的云计算公司</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="13-云技术应用"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#13-云技术应用"></a> 1.3. 云技术应用</h2>
<p>利用云技术实现以下目标的案例研究：</p>
<ul>
<li>更好的客户服务</li>
<li>消除创新障碍</li>
<li>实现企业规模</li>
<li>加速增长</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="14-iot"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#14-iot"></a> 1.4. IoT</h2>
<p>物联网（IoT）是指通过互联网连接的物理设备和传感器的网络，这些设备和传感器可以收集和交换数据。</p>
<p>物联网改变了我们日常生活的许多方式，例如：</p>
<ul>
<li>智能家居</li>
<li>智能驾驶</li>
</ul>
<p>通过物联网设备收集的数据在云端存储和处理，因为物联网设备可能处于移动状态，云端可作为最接近的收集点，最大限度地减少延迟。</p>
<h2 id="15-ai"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#15-ai"></a> 1.5. AI</h2>
<ol>
<li>云端提供可扩展地按需资源</li>
<li>AI 对来自物联网设备的数据采取行动</li>
<li>基于 AI 响应的物联网行为</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>简单来说：物联网传递数据，AI 为数据提供洞察力，而这两种技术都利用了云端的可扩展性和处理能力。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="16-区块链"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#16-区块链"></a> 1.6. 区块链</h2>
<p>区块链是一种安全的分布式开放技术，有助于加快流程、降低成本、增强安全性和可靠性，并在交易应用中建立透明度和可追溯性。</p>
<ol>
<li>区块链提供可信的、去中心化的记录</li>
<li>云端提供全球分布式、可扩展和具有成本效益的计算资源</li>
<li>AI 为从收集到的数据中进行分析和决策提供支持</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="2-云计算模型"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#2-云计算模型"></a> 2. 云计算模型</h1>
<h2 id="21-服务模式"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#21-服务模式"></a> 2.1. 服务模式</h2>
<ol>
<li>基础设施即服务（IaaS）：云提供商管理物理资源、数据中心、网络和虚拟化层，用户负责管理操作系统、中间件、应用程序和数据</li>
<li>软件即服务（SaaS）：云提供商托管并管理应用程序、数据、基础设施和平台资源</li>
<li>平台即服务（PaaS）：云提供商管理平台基础设施，包括操作系统、开发工具、数据库、业务分析和计算资源；PaaS 的用户通常是开发人员</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="211-iaas"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#211-iaas"></a> 2.1.1. IaaS</h4>
<ul>
<li>客户可根据自己的选择在云提供商提供的地区、可用性区域和区域中创建或配置虚拟机</li>
<li>云提供商通常为客户提供跟踪和监控云服务性能和使用情况以及管理灾难恢复的工具</li>
</ul>
<p>云基础设施：</p>
<ul>
<li>物理数据中心</li>
<li>计算</li>
<li>网络</li>
<li>存储</li>
<li>对象存储</li>
</ul>
<p>使用案例：</p>
<ul>
<li>使团队能够更快地建立测试和开发环境</li>
<li>帮助开发人员更专注于业务逻辑，而不是基础设施</li>
<li>业务连续性和灾难恢复需要大量的技术和人员投资，而 IaaS 可以帮助企业降低成本</li>
<li>更快地部署网络应用程序</li>
<li>随着需求的波动上下扩展基础设施</li>
<li>解决涉及数百万个变量和计算的复杂问题</li>
<li>挖掘海量数据集，找出有价值的趋势和模式</li>
<li>提供所需的高性能计算并使其经济实惠</li>
</ul>
<p>关注问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>在配置和管理上缺乏透明度</li>
<li>工作负载的可用性和性能依赖于第三方</li>
</ul>
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