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aria-label="nav.menu"><svg class="icon icon-bars" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M2.5 12a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5z"></path></svg><span class="menu-text">nav.menu</span></summary><div class="mobile-menu-dropdown"><ul class="mobile-nav-list"><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/">HOME</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/archives/index.html">ARCHIVE</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/categories/index.html">CATEGORIES</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/tags/index.html">TAGS</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/about/index.html">ABOUT</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../en/sitemap/index.html">SITEMAP</a></li></ul></div></details></div></div></div></nav></header><main class="container" id="main-content" tabindex="-1"><div class="post"><article class="post-block h-entry"><div class="post-meta p-author h-card visually-hidden"><img class="author-avatar u-photo" src="../favicon.png" alt="Cytrogen"><span class="p-name">Cytrogen</span><a class="u-url" href="https://cytrogen.icu">https://cytrogen.icu</a></div><a class="post-permalink u-url u-uid visually-hidden" href="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/567.html">永久链接</a><div class="p-summary visually-hidden"><p>When running a personal blog, you might encounter this requirement: wanting your website to support multiple languages so that readers from different regions can easily read your content.</p>
<p>This is where website internationalization (also known as i18n) comes into play.</p>
<p>For blogs built with Hexo, implementing internationalization requires consideration not only of content translation but also template rendering and other issues.</p></div><div class="visually-hidden"><a class="p-category" href="../categories/Programming-Notes/">Programming Notes</a><a class="p-category" href="../tags/Hexo/">Hexo</a><a class="p-category" href="../tags/Pug/">Pug</a></div><h1 class="post-title p-name">Hexo i18n Configuration</h1><div class="post-info"><time class="post-date dt-published" datetime="2024-12-03T03:37:58.000Z">12/2/2024</time><time class="dt-updated visually-hidden" datetime="2026-02-09T17:16:54.709Z"></time><a class="post-from u-translation-of" href="/posts/17cc.html" target="_blank" title="/posts/17cc.html">Translate · Original Link</a></div><div class="post-content e-content"><p>When running a personal blog, you might encounter this requirement: wanting your website to support multiple languages so that readers from different regions can easily read your content.</p>
<p>This is where website internationalization (also known as i18n) comes into play.</p>
<p>For blogs built with Hexo, implementing internationalization requires consideration not only of content translation but also template rendering and other issues.</p>
<span id="more"></span>
<div class="danger">
<ul>
<li>
<p>This article primarily uses the <code>hexo-generator-plus</code> plugin.</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/kiwirafe/hexo-generator-plus"><img src="https://gh-card.dev/repos/kiwirafe/hexo-generator-plus.svg?fullname=" alt="kiwirafe/hexo-generator-plus - GitHub"></a></p>
<p>Before starting the configuration, please ensure you have uninstalled the following plugins to avoid conflicts:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>hexo-generator-archive</code></li>
<li><code>hexo-generator-category</code></li>
<li><code>hexo-generator-index</code></li>
<li><code>hexo-generator-tag</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>This article uses the <strong>Pug</strong> templating language.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>For the language switching solution in the navigation bar, I have only implemented bilingual logic.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="basic-configuration"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#basic-configuration"></a> Basic Configuration</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>To avoid confusion:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>The <code>_config.yml</code> in the Hexo root directory will be referred to as <strong>Hexo Configuration</strong></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>themes/**/_config.yml</code> will be referred to as <strong>Theme Configuration</strong></p>
</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>First, we need to make some basic settings in Hexo's configuration file. These settings will determine the website's language options and URL structure.</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">language:</span> [<span class="string">zh</span>, <span class="string">en</span>] <span class="comment"># Supported language list, first one is default</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">new_post_name:</span> <span class="string">:title.md</span> <span class="comment"># New article naming convention</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># If you have hexo-abbrlink installed</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">permalink:</span> <span class="string">posts/:abbrlink.html</span> <span class="comment"># Article permalink format</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">abbrlink:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">rep:</span> <span class="string">hex</span> <span class="comment"># Use hexadecimal as unique identifier</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># hexo-generator-plus configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">generator_plus:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">language:</span> [<span class="string">zh</span>, <span class="string">en</span>] <span class="comment"># Generator supported languages</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">pagination_dir:</span> <span class="string">'page'</span> <span class="comment"># Pagination directory</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">generator:</span> [<span class="string">"index"</span>, <span class="string">"archive"</span>, <span class="string">"category"</span>, <span class="string">"tag"</span>] <span class="comment"># Pages to generate</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Index generator configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">index_generator:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">per_page:</span> <span class="number">10</span> <span class="comment"># These numbers and order can be customized</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">order_by:</span> <span class="string">-date</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Archive page configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">archive_generator:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">per_page:</span> <span class="number">25</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">order_by:</span> <span class="string">-date</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Category page configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">category_generator:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">per_page:</span> <span class="number">25</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">order_by:</span> <span class="string">-date</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">enable_index_page:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># If you want a category index page</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># Tag page configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tag_generator:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">per_page:</span> <span class="number">25</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">order_by:</span> <span class="string">name</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">enable_index_page:</span> <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment"># If you want a tag index page</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Then configure the desired menu links in the theme configuration:</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">menu:</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">home:</span> <span class="string">/</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">archive:</span> <span class="string">/archives</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">categories:</span> <span class="string">/categories</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">/tags</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">about:</span> <span class="string">/about</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">GitHub:</span> <span class="string">https://github.com/cytrogen</span> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">RSS:</span> <span class="string">/atom.xml</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h2 id="directory-structure"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#directory-structure"></a> Directory Structure</h2>
<p>Here is the required directory structure:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">source/</span><br><span class="line">├── _posts/ # Default language blog posts</span><br><span class="line">│ └── *.md # No subdirectories allowed</span><br><span class="line">├── en/ # English-specific content</span><br><span class="line">│ └── Same structure as source directory</span><br><span class="line">├── archives/ # Archive page</span><br><span class="line">│ └── index.md # layout: archive</span><br><span class="line">├── categories/ # Category page</span><br><span class="line">│ └── index.md # layout: category-index</span><br><span class="line">└── tags/ # Tag page</span><br><span class="line"> └── index.md # layout: tag-index</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>Of course, you can choose other languages, but other language directories need to match the names in <code>themes/**/languages/*.yml</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Please ensure each <code>*.md</code> file has <code>lang: **</code> in its Front-Matter.</p>
<h2 id="language-file-configuration"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#language-file-configuration"></a> Language File Configuration</h2>
<p>Fixed website text (such as navigation menus, button text, etc.) needs to be internationalized through language files. These files should be placed in the <code>themes/**/languages/</code> directory.</p>
<p>Here's my examples:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><code>zh.yml</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">menu:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">home:</span> <span class="string">首页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive:</span> <span class="string">归档</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">标签</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">categories:</span> <span class="string">分类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">about:</span> <span class="string">关于</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">friendlinks:</span> <span class="string">友情链接</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive_title:</span> <span class="string">归档</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">tags_title:</span> <span class="string">标签</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">categories_title:</span> <span class="string">分类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">prev:</span> <span class="string">上一页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">next:</span> <span class="string">下一页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">prev_post:</span> <span class="string">上一篇</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">next_post:</span> <span class="string">下一篇</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">more:</span> <span class="string">...阅读全文</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">translated:</span> <span class="string">翻译</span> <span class="string">·</span> <span class="string">原文地址</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>en.yml</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">menu:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">home:</span> <span class="string">HOME</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive:</span> <span class="string">ARC</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">TAGS</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">categories:</span> <span class="string">CATE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">about:</span> <span class="string">ABOUT</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">friendlinks:</span> <span class="string">Friend</span> <span class="string">Links</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">archive_title:</span> <span class="string">Archive</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">tags_title:</span> <span class="string">Tags</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">categories_title:</span> <span class="string">Categories</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">prev:</span> <span class="string">PREV</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">next:</span> <span class="string">NEXT</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">prev_post:</span> <span class="string">PREV</span> <span class="string">POST</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">next_post:</span> <span class="string">NEXT</span> <span class="string">POST</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">more:</span> <span class="string">...MORE</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">translated:</span> <span class="string">Translate</span> <span class="string">·</span> <span class="string">Original</span> <span class="string">Link</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="template-file-implementation"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#template-file-implementation"></a> Template File Implementation</h2>
<p>From here on, I'll only write about the solution used for my blog website.</p>
<p><strong>Please modify according to your own theme.</strong></p>
<h4 id="category-page-templates"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#category-page-templates"></a> Category Page Templates</h4>
<p>Category pages need two templates: category index page and specific category page.</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Category list page (<code>category-index.pug</code>):</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends partial/layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block container</span><br><span class="line"> .archive</span><br><span class="line"> // Title content prioritizes page.title</span><br><span class="line"> // If it doesn't exist, use the i18n function __() to get categories_title translation</span><br><span class="line"> h2.archive-title= page.title || __('categories_title')</span><br><span class="line"> .category-list</span><br><span class="line"> // Get all category data</span><br><span class="line"> each category in get_categories().data</span><br><span class="line"> // Calculate number of posts matching current language for each category</span><br><span class="line"> - var postCount = category.posts.data ? category.posts.data.filter(post => post.lang === page.lang).length : 0</span><br><span class="line"> if postCount > 0</span><br><span class="line"> .category-item</span><br><span class="line"> // Each category shows as a link, including category name and post count</span><br><span class="line"> // url_for_lang() generates multilingual-supported URL</span><br><span class="line"> - var categoryPath = category.slug || category.name</span><br><span class="line"> a.post-title-link(href=url_for_lang(page.lang, 'categories/' + categoryPath))</span><br><span class="line"> = category.name</span><br><span class="line"> span.category-count= ` (${postCount})`</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p>Specific category page (<code>category.pug</code>):</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends partial/layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block container</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/post</span><br><span class="line"> .archive</span><br><span class="line"> h2.archive-title= page.category</span><br><span class="line"> +postList()</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Here, post-related functionality is encapsulated in a series of mixins for reuse across different pages (<code>mixins/post.pug</code>):</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mixin postInfo(item)</span><br><span class="line"> .post-info</span><br><span class="line"> != full_date(item.date, 'l')</span><br><span class="line"> // If post has from property and current page is home or post page</span><br><span class="line"> if item.from && (is_home() || is_post())</span><br><span class="line"> // Show a link indicating post translation source</span><br><span class="line"> a.post-from(href=item.from target="_blank" title=item.from)!= __('translated')</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mixin posts()</span><br><span class="line"> ul.home.post-list</span><br><span class="line"> // Iterate through all posts</span><br><span class="line"> - for (var post of page.posts.data || [])</span><br><span class="line"> // Only show posts matching current page language</span><br><span class="line"> - if (post.lang == page.lang)</span><br><span class="line"> li.post-list-item</span><br><span class="line"> article.post-block</span><br><span class="line"> h2.post-title</span><br><span class="line"> a.post-title-link(href= url_for(post.path))</span><br><span class="line"> != post.title</span><br><span class="line"> +postInfo(post)</span><br><span class="line"> // If there's an excerpt, show it with "read more" link</span><br><span class="line"> if post.excerpt</span><br><span class="line"> .post-content</span><br><span class="line"> != post.excerpt</span><br><span class="line"> a.read-more(href= url_for(post.path))!= __('more')</span><br><span class="line"> else</span><br><span class="line"> .post-content</span><br><span class="line"> != post.content</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="tag-page-templates"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#tag-page-templates"></a> Tag Page Templates</h4>
<p>Almost identical to category page templates:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><code>tag-index.pug</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends partial/layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block container</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/post</span><br><span class="line"> .archive</span><br><span class="line"> h2.archive-title= page.title || __('tags_title')</span><br><span class="line"> .tag-list</span><br><span class="line"> each tag in get_tags().data</span><br><span class="line"> - var postCount = tag.posts.data ? tag.posts.data.filter(post => post.lang === page.lang).length : 0</span><br><span class="line"> if postCount > 0</span><br><span class="line"> .tag-item</span><br><span class="line"> - var tagPath = tag.slug || tag.name</span><br><span class="line"> a.post-title-link(href=url_for_lang(page.lang, 'tags/' + tagPath))</span><br><span class="line"> = tag.name</span><br><span class="line"> span.tag-count= ` (${postCount})`</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block pagination</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/paginator</span><br><span class="line"> +home()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block copyright</span><br><span class="line"> include partial/copyright</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>tag.pug</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends partial/layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block container</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/post</span><br><span class="line"> .archive</span><br><span class="line"> h2.archive-title= page.tag</span><br><span class="line"> +postList()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block pagination</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/paginator</span><br><span class="line"> +home()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block copyright</span><br><span class="line"> include partial/copyright</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="archive-page-template"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#archive-page-template"></a> Archive Page Template</h4>
<p>Archive page only needs one <code>archive.pug</code>:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">extends partial/layout</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block container</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/post</span><br><span class="line"> +postList()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block pagination</span><br><span class="line"> include mixins/paginator</span><br><span class="line"> +home()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">block copyright</span><br><span class="line"> include partial/copyright</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>Its mixin:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mixin postList()</span><br><span class="line"> .archive</span><br><span class="line"> // Check if there are posts</span><br><span class="line"> if page.posts</span><br><span class="line"> // Ensure post list exists and is not empty</span><br><span class="line"> - var posts = page.posts.data || page.posts</span><br><span class="line"> if posts && posts.length</span><br><span class="line"> // Create a years object for grouping</span><br><span class="line"> // Only process posts matching current page language</span><br><span class="line"> // Get year from post date</span><br><span class="line"> // Add posts to corresponding year array</span><br><span class="line"> - var years = {}</span><br><span class="line"> - for (var post of posts)</span><br><span class="line"> - if (post.lang == page.lang)</span><br><span class="line"> - var year = new Date(post.date).getFullYear()</span><br><span class="line"> - if (!years[year]) years[year] = []</span><br><span class="line"> - years[year].push(post)</span><br><span class="line"> // Sort years in descending order (show largest year first)</span><br><span class="line"> - Object.keys(years).sort((a, b) => b - a).forEach(function(year) {</span><br><span class="line"> h2.archive-year!= year</span><br><span class="line"> - years[year].forEach(function(post) {</span><br><span class="line"> .post-item</span><br><span class="line"> +postInfo(post)</span><br><span class="line"> a.post-title-link(href= url_for(post.path))</span><br><span class="line"> != post.title</span><br><span class="line"> - })</span><br><span class="line"> - })</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h4 id="navigation-bar-implementation"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#navigation-bar-implementation"></a> Navigation Bar Implementation</h4>
<p>The navigation bar is the key interface for language switching (<code>nav.pug</code>).</p>
<p>Since my blog theme's navigation bar isn't wide, I wrote top and bottom sections to separate some links:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ul.nav.nav-list</span><br><span class="line"> // Top section</span><br><span class="line"> div.nav-list-top</span><br><span class="line"> // Iterate through all keys and values in theme menu config</span><br><span class="line"> each path, key in theme.menu</span><br><span class="line"> // Exclude links to be placed at bottom, in my case GitHub and RSS</span><br><span class="line"> if key !== 'GitHub' && key !== 'RSS'</span><br><span class="line"> li.nav-list-item</span><br><span class="line"> // Check if external link</span><br><span class="line"> // If yes, open in new tab</span><br><span class="line"> // Add /en prefix for English pages</span><br><span class="line"> // Check if current page is active (for highlighting)</span><br><span class="line"> - var re = /^(http|https):\/\/*/gi;</span><br><span class="line"> - var tar = re.test(path) ? "_blank" : "_self"</span><br><span class="line"> - var fullPath = page.lang === 'en' ? '/en' + path : path</span><br><span class="line"> - var act = !re.test(path) && "/" + page.current_url === fullPath</span><br><span class="line"> a.nav-list-link(class={active: act} href=url_for(fullPath) target=tar)</span><br><span class="line"> != __(('menu.' + key))</span><br><span class="line"> // Bottom section</span><br><span class="line"> div.nav-list-bottom</span><br><span class="line"> // Language switch button</span><br><span class="line"> li.nav-list-item.lang-switch</span><br><span class="line"> if page.lang == 'en'</span><br><span class="line"> a.nav-list-link(href=url_for('/')) 中文</span><br><span class="line"> else</span><br><span class="line"> a.nav-list-link(href=url_for('/en')) ENGLISH</span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<h2 id="usage"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#usage"></a> Usage</h2>
<p>After completing the above configuration, specify the language in the Front-Matter when creating new articles:</p>
<figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">---</span><br><span class="line">title: Article Title</span><br><span class="line">date: 2024-01-01</span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">lang: en</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">---</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
<p>If you want to create versions of the same article in other languages, just create a new Markdown file, specify the appropriate <code>lang</code>, and link to the original article using the <code>from</code> field in the Front-Matter:</p>
<figure class="highlight markdown"><table><tbody><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">---</span><br><span class="line">title: 文章标题</span><br><span class="line">date: 2024-01-01</span><br><span class="line">lang: zh</span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">from: /posts/original-post.html</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="section">---</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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