<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh" data-theme="dark"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>读《无可羡慕：朝鲜人的普通生活》 · Cytrogen 的个人博客</title><meta name="robots" content="noindex"><meta name="description" content="读《无可羡慕：朝鲜人的普通生活》 - Cytrogen"><link rel="icon" href="../favicon.png"><link rel="canonical" href="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/b2e9.html"><link rel="webmention" href="https://webmention.io/cytrogen.icu/webmention"><link rel="me" href="https://m.otter.homes/@Cytrogen"><link rel="me" href="https://github.com/cytrogen"><meta name="fediverse:creator" content="@Cytrogen@m.otter.homes"><link rel="preload" href="../fonts/opensans-regular-latin.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"><style>@font-face {
font-family: 'Open Sans';
src: url('../fonts/opensans-regular-latin.woff2') format('woff2');
font-weight: 400;
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
size-adjust: 107%;
ascent-override: 97%;
descent-override: 25%;
line-gap-override: 0%;
}
</style><script>(function() {
try {
// 优先级：用户选择 > 系统偏好 > 默认浅色
const saved = localStorage.getItem('theme');
const theme = saved ||
(window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light');
document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
document.documentElement.style.colorScheme = theme;
} catch (error) {
// 失败时使用默认主题，不阻塞渲染
document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'light');
}
})();
</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/ares.css"><script data-netlify-skip-bundle="true">(function() {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const theme = document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme');
const pageWrapper = document.getElementById('page-wrapper');
if (pageWrapper && theme) {
pageWrapper.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
}
});
})();
</script><!-- hexo injector head_end start -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.12.0/dist/katex.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-math@4.0.0/dist/style.css">
<!-- hexo injector head_end end --><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 8.1.1"><link rel="alternate" href="atom.xml" title="Cytrogen 的个人博客" type="application/atom+xml">
</head><body><div id="page-wrapper"><a class="skip-link" href="#main-content">跳到主要内容</a><div class="wrap"><header><a class="logo-link" href="../index.html"><img src="../favicon.png" alt="logo"></a><div class="h-card visually-hidden"><img class="u-photo" src="https://cytrogen.icu/favicon.png" alt="Cytrogen"><a class="p-name u-url u-uid" href="https://cytrogen.icu">Cytrogen</a><p class="p-note">Cytrogen 的个人博客，Cytrogen's Blog</p><a class="u-url" rel="me noopener" target="_blank" href="https://m.otter.homes/@Cytrogen">Mastodon</a><a class="u-url" rel="me noopener" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/cytrogen">GitHub</a></div><nav class="site-nav"><div class="nav-main"><div class="nav-primary"><ul class="nav-list hidden-mobile"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../index.html">首页</a></li></ul><div class="nav-tools"><div class="language-menu"><button class="language-toggle" type="button"><svg class="icon icon-globe" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M0 8a8 8 0 1 1 16 0A8 8 0 0 1 0 8zm7.5-6.923c-.67.204-1.335.82-1.887 1.855A7.97 7.97 0 0 0 5.145 4H7.5V1.077zM4.09 4a9.267 9.267 0 0 1 .64-1.539 6.7 6.7 0 0 1 .597-.933A7.025 7.025 0 0 0 2.255 4H4.09zm-.582 3.5c.03-.877.138-1.718.312-2.5H1.674a6.958 6.958 0 0 0-.656 2.5h2.49zM4.847 5a12.5 12.5 0 0 0-.338 2.5H7.5V5H4.847zM8.5 5v2.5h2.99a12.495 12.495 0 0 0-.337-2.5H8.5zM4.51 8.5a12.5 12.5 0 0 0 .337 2.5H7.5V8.5H4.51zm3.99 0V11h2.653c.187-.765.306-1.608.338-2.5H8.5zM5.145 12c.138.386.295.744.468 1.068.552 1.035 1.218 1.65 1.887 1.855V12H5.145zm.182 2.472a6.696 6.696 0 0 1-.597-.933A9.268 9.268 0 0 1 4.09 12H2.255a7.024 7.024 0 0 0 3.072 2.472zM3.82 11a13.652 13.652 0 0 1-.312-2.5h-2.49c.062.89.291 1.733.656 2.5H3.82zm6.853 3.472A7.024 7.024 0 0 0 13.745 12H11.91a9.27 9.27 0 0 1-.64 1.539 6.688 6.688 0 0 1-.597.933zM8.5 12v2.923c.67-.204 1.335-.82 1.887-1.855A7.97 7.97 0 0 0 10.855 12H8.5zm3.68-1h2.146c.365-.767.594-1.61.656-2.5h-2.49a13.65 13.65 0 0 1-.312 2.5zm2.802-3.5a6.959 6.959 0 0 0-.656-2.5H12.18c.174.782.282 1.623.312 2.5h2.49zM11.27 2.461c.247.464.462.98.64 1.539h1.835a7.024 7.024 0 0 0-3.072-2.472c.218.284.418.598.597.933zM10.855 4a7.966 7.966 0 0 0-.468-1.068C9.835 1.897 9.17 1.282 8.5 1.077V4h2.355z"></path></svg><span>中文</span></button><div class="language-dropdown"></div></div></div><div class="nav-controls"><div class="more-menu hidden-mobile"><button class="more-toggle" type="button"><span>更多</span><svg class="icon icon-chevron-down" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M6 8.825c-.2 0-.4-.1-.5-.2l-3.3-3.3c-.3-.3-.3-.8 0-1.1s.8-.3 1.1 0l2.7 2.7 2.7-2.7c.3-.3.8-.3 1.1 0s.3.8 0 1.1l-3.3 3.3c-.1.1-.3.2-.5.2z"></path></svg></button><div class="more-dropdown"><ul class="dropdown-list"><li class="dropdown-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../archives/index.html">归档</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../categories/index.html">分类</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../tags/index.html">标签</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../about/index.html">关于</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><a class="nav-link" href="../sitemap/index.html">领地地图</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="theme-switcher"><button class="theme-toggle" type="button" role="switch" aria-pressed="false" aria-label="切换主题"><div class="theme-icon moon-icon"><svg class="icon icon-moon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M6 .278a.768.768 0 0 1 .08.858 7.208 7.208 0 0 0-.878 3.46c0 4.021 3.278 7.277 7.318 7.277.527 0 1.04-.055 1.533-.16a.787.787 0 0 1 .81.316.733.733 0 0 1-.031.893A8.349 8.349 0 0 1 8.344 16C3.734 16 0 12.286 0 7.71 0 4.266 2.114 1.312 5.124.06A.752.752 0 0 1 6 .278z"></path></svg></div><div class="theme-icon sun-icon"><svg class="icon icon-sun" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6zm0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8zM8 0a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0v-2A.5.5 0 0 1 8 0zm0 13a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0v-2A.5.5 0 0 1 8 13zm8-5a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5zM3 8a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h2A.5.5 0 0 1 3 8zm10.657-5.657a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .707l-1.414 1.415a.5.5 0 1 1-.707-.708l1.414-1.414a.5.5 0 0 1 .707 0zm-9.193 9.193a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .707L3.05 13.657a.5.5 0 0 1-.707-.707l1.414-1.414a.5.5 0 0 1 .707 0zm9.193 2.121a.5.5 0 0 1-.707 0l-1.414-1.414a.5.5 0 0 1 .707-.707l1.414 1.414a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .707zM4.464 4.465a.5.5 0 0 1-.707 0L2.343 3.05a.5.5 0 1 1 .707-.707l1.414 1.414a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708z"></path></svg></div></button></div><details class="mobile-menu-details hidden-desktop"><summary class="hamburger-menu" aria-label="nav.menu"><svg class="icon icon-bars" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M2.5 12a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5zm0-4a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h10a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5z"></path></svg><span class="menu-text">nav.menu</span></summary><div class="mobile-menu-dropdown"><ul class="mobile-nav-list"><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../index.html">首页</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../archives/index.html">归档</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../categories/index.html">分类</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../tags/index.html">标签</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../about/index.html">关于</a></li><li class="mobile-nav-item"><a class="mobile-nav-link" href="../sitemap/index.html">领地地图</a></li></ul></div></details></div></div></div></nav></header><main class="container" id="main-content" tabindex="-1"><div class="post"><article class="post-block h-entry"><div class="post-meta p-author h-card visually-hidden"><img class="author-avatar u-photo" src="../favicon.png" alt="Cytrogen"><span class="p-name">Cytrogen</span><a class="u-url" href="https://cytrogen.icu">https://cytrogen.icu</a></div><a class="post-permalink u-url u-uid visually-hidden" href="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/b2e9.html">永久链接</a><h1 class="post-title p-name">读《无可羡慕：朝鲜人的普通生活》</h1><div class="post-info"><time class="post-date dt-published" datetime="2025-12-02T04:25:46.000Z">12/1/2025</time><time class="dt-updated visually-hidden" datetime="2026-02-09T17:16:55.553Z"></time></div><div class="post-content e-content"><html><head></head><body><p>过去，我看到过一个观点：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>美国学生最大的问题是对世界没好奇心了。不是他们不聪明或者没有能力讨论问题，而是他们仿佛更习惯于停留在本国事务范围内：选举、校园政治、AI 伦理、社交媒体成瘾…… 每个人好像都发展出了一套讨论类似问题的范式，然后就在另一种八股文的舒适区里不愿意动了。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>关于这个观点是否「正确」，我不会在这篇文章中发表任何意见。我想表达的是，我好像成为了这个对世界没有好奇心的人。例如「社交媒体成瘾」是我上次演讲的主题之一。说是「之一」是因为我的侧重点在于为了便利性而把自己的数据和隐私交给大公司的弊端，信息成瘾不过是弊端之一。在那一天班上还有大抵四个人也讲了社交媒体成瘾。</p>
<p>其实在这节演讲课里，预测一个演讲者选了什么课题是十分轻松的：种族歧视、社交媒体、美国政治、总统选举、AI…… 除了这些，还能说什么呢？大家又不在乎。这个国家的问题已经够多了，我哪有时间去了解其他国家在干嘛？</p>
<p>所以在很长一段时间里，在那个环境下的我，甚至连朝鲜和越南都分不清。</p>
<p>越南战争，我好像从电影《阿甘正传》里了解过。嗯~ 当时的作战环境很糟糕呢，很多美国士兵患了 PTSD。网络用词「越共」的出现也是因为越南士兵擅长于隐蔽作战吧。</p>
<p>朝鲜战争？那是什么？朝鲜在哪里？是岛的北边还是南边？他们和韩国是什么关系？</p>
<p>哎？为什么他们打起来了？为什么韩国和朝鲜分成了两半？</p>
<p>哦！我什么都不知道！</p>
<p>以上为夸张措辞。不过我确实在学生时代分不清越南和朝鲜。一点是美国公立学校的历史课里，一些国家能给你提一嘴名字就不错了，很多时候都是讲美国自己的事情，尤其是建国后的历史。越南这个国家几乎次次都和「战争」二字出现，朝鲜则鲜少登场，反正我是一点印象都没有。</p>
<p>直到我读到了芭芭拉・德米克的《无可羡慕：朝鲜人的普通生活》，那块名为「朝鲜」的认知空白，才终于开始有了具体的颜色。</p>
<h2 id="分离"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#分离"></a> 分离</h2>
<p>1938 年，日本对朝鲜实行了「民族抹杀统治期」的第二阶段，目的是将朝鲜人同化为日本人。其中不仅取消了朝鲜语的教学，还强制朝鲜人改用日式姓名。战争中期，朝鲜作为重要资源供应地，物资和人力近乎都被掠夺去，经济和民众的生活水平急剧恶化。</p>
<p>日本于 1945 年投降。美国不清楚该如何处理朝鲜这个小小的国家，只是简单找出了日本之前划的三八线，然后将这条线往北的区域交给苏联、往南的区域作为自己的受降区。朝鲜人就这样稀里糊涂地被大国们强行分割开来，尽管他们过去从来没有过南北之分。</p>
<p>苏联红军于同年 8 月进入朝鲜北部，任金日成为朝鲜民主主义人民共和国的首相。一个月后，美国军队也登陆了朝鲜半岛南部，三年后成立了大韩民国。一个岛上，同时出现了社会主义制度和资本主义道路。</p>
<p>二战结束后，苏联和美国的意识形态对立加剧，同时朝鲜和韩国都认为自己拥有整个半岛的主权。1950 年 6 月，朝鲜以「反击韩国侵略」为借口，全面进攻韩国。但是朝鲜万万没有想到，中国共产党对国民党政权的推翻，激怒了美国的反共势力。如果再让朝鲜半岛也被共产主义统一，政府将承受巨大的政治批评，并且会失去在东亚地区的战略地位和影响力。联合国决议出兵支持韩国，将朝鲜打了回去。随后中国又牵扯进来，使战线重新回到了最初的三八线。最后这场战争以签署停战协议告终。</p>
<p>战争结束后，朝鲜在苏联和中国的援助下开始经济重建，并且成为了当时远东经济发展的一个奇迹：经济增长飞速，人均 GDP 超越韩国；与日本并称为亚洲两大工业国家；农村城镇全部通电、粮食实现自给自足，社会的财富分配大幅平均化。</p>
<p>同个时期的韩国发生了什么？根据 1960 年的数据对比，朝鲜人均 GDP 为 253 美元，韩国仅为 82 美元。这也是当时的朝鲜人民对韩国的最大印象 ——<span class="emphasis"> 贫穷</span>。</p>
<h2 id="转折"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#转折"></a> 转折</h2>
<p>80 年代开始，朝鲜经济出现停滞迹象。苏联解体前，朝鲜主要依靠苏联和中国的援助维持经济，但随着国际局势变化，这种援助逐渐减少。1991 年苏联解体，朝鲜失去重要的经济援助。</p>
<p>1994 年金日成去世，其子金正日继任。随后朝鲜经历 "苦难的行军" 时期（1997 年后的大饥荒），导致大量人口死亡。许多朝鲜人被迫脱北，涌入中国，其中一些后来抵达韩国。这个时期正是芭芭拉・德米克采访的脱北者逃离朝鲜的时期。2009 年朝鲜进行了货币改革，这也是《无可羡慕》一书最后章节所提及的事件。</p>
<!-- flag of hidden posts --></body></html></div></article></div></main><footer><div class="paginator"></div><!-- Webmention 显示区域--><div class="webmention-section webmention-empty" data-page-url="posts/b2e9.html" data-full-url="https://cytrogen.icu/posts/b2e9.html" data-mode="static">
<h3 class="webmention-title">Webmentions (<span class="webmention-count">0</span>)</h3>
<div class="webmention-list"></div>
<span>暂无 Webmentions</span>
</div><div class="copyright"><p class="footer-links"><a href="../friends/index.html">友链</a><span class="footer-separator"> ·</span><a href="../links/index.html">邻邦</a><span class="footer-separator"> ·</span><a href="../contact/index.html">联络</a><span class="footer-separator"> ·</span><a href="../colophon/index.html">营造记</a><span class="footer-separator"> ·</span><a href="../atom.xml">RSS订阅</a></p><p>© 2025 - 2026 <a href="https://cytrogen.icu">Cytrogen</a>, powered by <a href="https://hexo.io/" target="_blank">Hexo</a> and <a href="https://github.com/cytrogen/hexo-theme-ares" target="_blank">hexo-theme-ares</a>.</p><p><a href="https://blogscn.fun" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BLOGS·CN</a></p></div></footer></div></div><a class="back-to-top" href="#top" aria-label="返回顶部"><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M3.293 9.707a1 1 0 010-1.414L9.586 2a2 2 0 012.828 0l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 01-1.414 1.414L11 3.414V17a1 1 0 11-2 0V3.414L2.707 9.707a1 1 0 01-1.414 0z"></path></svg></a><script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const codeBlocks = document.querySelectorAll('figure.highlight');
codeBlocks.forEach(block => {
let caption = block.querySelector('figcaption');
if (!caption) {
caption = document.createElement('figcaption');
block.insertBefore(caption, block.firstChild);
}
const info = document.createElement('div');
info.className = 'info';
const filename = caption.querySelector('span');
if (filename) {
filename.className = 'filename';
info.appendChild(filename);
}
const lang = block.className.split(' ')[1];
if (lang) {
const langSpan = document.createElement('span');
langSpan.className = 'lang-name';
langSpan.textContent = lang;
info.appendChild(langSpan);
}
const sourceLink = caption.querySelector('a');
if (sourceLink) {
sourceLink.className = 'source-link';
info.appendChild(sourceLink);
}
const actions = document.createElement('div');
actions.className = 'actions';
const codeHeight = block.scrollHeight;
const threshold = 300;
if (codeHeight > threshold) {
block.classList.add('folded');
const toggleBtn = document.createElement('button');
toggleBtn.textContent = '展开';
toggleBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
block.classList.toggle('folded');
toggleBtn.textContent = block.classList.contains('folded') ? '展开' : '折叠';
});
actions.appendChild(toggleBtn);
}
const copyBtn = document.createElement('button');
copyBtn.textContent = '复制';
copyBtn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
const codeLines = block.querySelectorAll('.code .line');
const code = Array.from(codeLines)
.map(line => line.textContent)
.join('\n')
.replace(/\n\n/g, '\n');
try {
await navigator.clipboard.writeText(code);
copyBtn.textContent = '已复制';
copyBtn.classList.add('copied');
setTimeout(() => {
copyBtn.textContent = '复制';
copyBtn.classList.remove('copied');
}, 3000);
} catch (err) {
console.error('复制失败:', err);
copyBtn.textContent = '复制失败';
setTimeout(() => {
copyBtn.textContent = '复制';
}, 3000);
}
});
actions.appendChild(copyBtn);
caption.innerHTML = '';
caption.appendChild(info);
caption.appendChild(actions);
const markedLines = block.getAttribute('data-marked-lines');
if (markedLines) {
const lines = markedLines.split(',');
lines.forEach(range => {
if (range.includes('-')) {
const [start, end] = range.split('-').map(Number);
for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
const line = block.querySelector(`.line-${i}`);
if (line) line.classList.add('marked');
}
} else {
const line = block.querySelector(`.line-${range}`);
if (line) line.classList.add('marked');
}
});
}
});
});</script><script async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js" id="MathJax-script"></script><script>(function() {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const themeToggle = document.querySelector('.theme-toggle');
if (!themeToggle) return;
const getCurrentTheme = () => {
return document.documentElement.getAttribute('data-theme') || 'light';
};
const updateUI = (theme) => {
const isDark = theme === 'dark';
themeToggle.setAttribute('aria-pressed', isDark.toString());
};
const setTheme = (theme) => {
document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
document.documentElement.style.colorScheme = theme;
const pageWrapper = document.getElementById('page-wrapper');
if (pageWrapper) {
pageWrapper.setAttribute('data-theme', theme);
}
// Find and remove the temporary anti-flicker style tag if it exists.
// This ensures the main stylesheet takes full control after the initial load.
const antiFlickerStyle = document.getElementById('anti-flicker-style');
if (antiFlickerStyle) {
antiFlickerStyle.remove();
}
localStorage.setItem('theme', theme);
updateUI(theme);
};
const toggleTheme = () => {
const current = getCurrentTheme();
const newTheme = current === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light';
setTheme(newTheme);
};
updateUI(getCurrentTheme());
themeToggle.addEventListener('click', toggleTheme);
if (window.matchMedia) {
const mediaQuery = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
mediaQuery.addEventListener('change', function(e) {
if (!localStorage.getItem('theme')) {
const theme = e.matches ? 'dark' : 'light';
setTheme(theme);
}
});
}
});
})();
</script><script src="../js/details-toggle.js" defer></script><script>(function() {
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const backToTopBtn = document.querySelector('.back-to-top');
if (!backToTopBtn) return;
const toggleButtonVisibility = () => {
const scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;
const shouldShow = scrollTop > 200;
if (shouldShow) {
backToTopBtn.classList.add('is-visible');
} else {
backToTopBtn.classList.remove('is-visible');
}
};
let ticking = false;
const handleScroll = () => {
if (!ticking) {
requestAnimationFrame(() => {
toggleButtonVisibility();
ticking = false;
});
ticking = true;
}
};
const scrollToTop = (event) => {
event.preventDefault();
window.scrollTo({
top: 0,
behavior: 'smooth'
});
};
window.addEventListener('scroll', handleScroll);
backToTopBtn.addEventListener('click', scrollToTop);
toggleButtonVisibility();
});
})();</script></body></html>